時間：2015-01-22 15:21來源：藍天飛行翻譯公司 作者：民航翻譯 點擊：次
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To view this page ensure that Adobe Flash Player version 9.0.124 or greater is installed. 8.8.4.2 IFR IN CONTROLLED AIRSPACE (a) No person may operate an aircraft in controlled airspace under IFR unless that person has— (b) Filed an IFR flight plan; and (c) Received an appropriate ATC clearance. ICAO Annex 2: 3.3.1.2; 3.6.1.1 14 CFR: 91.173 8.8.4.3 IFR FLIGHTS OUTSIDE CONTROLLED AIRSPACE (a) Each PIC of an IFR flight operating outside controlled airspace but within or into areas, or along routes, designated by the appropriate ATC Authority, shall maintain a listening watch on the appropriate radio frequency and establish two-way communication, as necessary, with the ATC facility providing flight information service. (b) Each PIC of an IFR flight operating outside controlled airspace for which the appropriate ATC Authority requires a flight plan, a listening watch on the appropriate radio frequency and establishment of two-way communication, as necessary, with the ATC facility providing flight information service, shall report position as specified for controlled flights. ICAO Annex 2: 5.3.2, 5.3.3 8.8.4.4 IFR TAKEOFF MINIMUMS FOR COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORT (a) Unless otherwise authorised by the Authority, no pilot operating an aircraft in commercial air transport operations may accept a clearance to take off from a civil aerodrome under IFR unless weather conditions are at or above: (1) For aircraft, other than helicopters, having two engines or less—1,500 m (1 statute mile) visibility. (2) For aircraft having more than two engines—800 m (1/2 statute mile) visibility. (3) For helicopters—800 m (1/2 statute mile) visibility. 14 CFR: 135.225(f)-(h) 8.8.4.5 MINIMUM ALTITUDES FOR IFR OPERATIONS (a) Operation of aircraft at minimum altitudes. Except when necessary for takeoff or landing, no person may operate an aircraft under IFR below— (1) The applicable minimum altitudes prescribed by the authorities having jurisdiction over the airspace being overflown; or (2) If no applicable minimum altitude is prescribed by the authorities— (i) Over high terrain or in mountainous areas, at a level which is at least 600 m (2000 ft) above the highest obstacle located within 8 km (5 statute miles) of the estimated position of the aircraft; and (ii) Elsewhere than as specified in paragraph (i), at a level which is at least 300 m (I000 ft) above the highest obstacle located within 8 km (5 statute miles) of the estimated position of the aircraft. (3) If an MEA and a MOCA are prescribed for a particular route or route segment, a person may operate an aircraft below the MEA down to, but not below, the MOCA, when within 40.7 km (22 nautical miles) of the VOR concerned. (b) Climb for obstacle clearance. (1) If unable to communicate with ATC, each pilot shall climb to a higher minimum IFR altitude immediately after passing the point beyond which that minimum altitude applies (2) If ground obstructions intervene, each pilot shall climb to a point beyond which that higher minimum altitude applies, at or above the applicable Minimum Crossing Altitude. ICAO Annex 2: 5.1.2 14 CFR: 91.177 8.8.4.6 MINIMUM ALTITUDES FOR USE OF AN AUTOPILOT (a) For en route operations, no person may use an autopilot at an altitude above the terrain that is less than 152 m (500 ft). Note: If the maximum altitude loss specified in the AFM for a malfunction under cruise conditions when multiplied by two is more than 152 m (500 ft), then it becomes the controlling minimum altitude for use of the autopilot. (b) For instrument approach operations, no person may use an autopilot at an altitude above the terrain that is less than 15 m (50 ft) below the MDA or DH. Note: If the maximum altitude loss specified in the AFM for a malfunction under approach conditions when multiplied by two is more than 15 m (50 ft), then it becomes the controlling minimum altitude for use of the autopilot. (c) For CAT III approaches, the Authority may approve the use of a flight control guidance system with automatic capability to touchdown. 14 CFR: 121.579, 125.329, 135.93 8.8.4.7 IFR CRUISING ALTITUDE OR FLIGHT LEVEL IN CONTROLLED AIRSPACE (a) Each person operating an aircraft under IFR in level cruising flight in controlled airspace shall maintain the altitude or flight level assigned that aircraft by ATC. (b) Each person operating an aircraft in level cruising flight under IFR, or if authorised to employ cruise climb techniques between two levels, shall maintain a flight level appropriate to the track as specified in the table of cruising levels in IS: 8.8.3.4 or according to a modified table of cruising levels when so prescribed in accordance with IS: 8.8.3.4 for flight above FL 410. (c) Paragraph (c) above does not apply when otherwise authorised by ATC or specified by the appropriate ATC Authority in Aeronautical Information Publications. Note: The requirements for VFR cruising altitudes are in Subsection 8.8.3.4. ICAO Annex 2: 5.2.1; 5.2.2 14 CFR: 91.179(a) 8.8.4.8 IFR CRUISING ALTITUDE OR FLIGHT LEVEL IN UNCONTROLLED AIRSPACE (a) Each person operating an aircraft in level cruising flight under IFR, outside of controlled airspace, shall maintain a flight level appropriate to the track as specified in the table of cruising levels in IS: 8.8.3.4 or according to a modified table of cruising levels when so prescribed in accordance with IS: 8.8.3.4 for flight above FL 410. (b) A person may deviate from the cruising altitudes specified in paragraph (a) only when— (1) Authorised by ATC for flight at or below 900 m (3000 ft) above MSL; or (2) When otherwise authorised by ATC. ICAO Annex 2: 5.3.1 14 CFR: 91.179(b) 8.8.4.9 IFR RADIO COMMUNICATIONS (a) Each PIC of an aircraft operated under IFR in controlled airspace shall have a continuous watch maintained on the appropriate frequency and shall report by radio as soon as possible— (1) The time and altitude of passing each designated reporting point, or the reporting points specified by ATC, except that while the aircraft is under radar control, only the passing of those reporting points specifically requested by ATC need be reported; (2) Any unforecast weather conditions encountered; and (3) Any other information relating to the safety of flight, such as hazardous weather or abnormal radio station indications. ICAO Annex 2: 3.6.3.1; 5.2.1 ICAO Annex 6, Part I: 4.4.2; 4.4.3 ICAO Annex 6, Part II: 4.12R; 4.13R ICAO Annex 6, Part III, Section II: 2.4.2; 2.4.3; Annex 6, Part III, Section III: 2.12R; 2.13R 14 CFR: 91.183 8.8.4.10 OPERATION UNDER IFR IN CONTROLLED AIRSPACE—MALFUNCTION REPORTS (a) The PIC of each aircraft operated in controlled airspace under IFR shall report as soon as practical to ATC any malfunctions of navigational, approach, or communication equipment occurring in flight. (b) In each report specified in paragraph (a), the PIC shall include the— (1) Aircraft identification; (2) Equipment affected; (3) Degree to which the capability of the pilot to operate under IFR in the ATC system is impaired; and (4) Nature and extent of assistance desired from ATC. ICAO Annex 6, Part I: 4.4.3 ICAO Annex 6, Part II: 4.13R ICAO Annex 6, Part III, Section II: 2.4.3; Annex 6, Part III, Section III: 2.13R 14 CFR: 91.187 8.8.4.11 CONTINUATION OF IFR FLIGHT TOWARD A DESTINATION (a) No pilot may continue an IFR flight toward an aerodrome or heliport of intended landing, unless the latest available meteorological information indicates that the conditions at that aerodrome, or at least one destination alternate aerodrome will, at the expected time of arrival, be at or above the specified instrument approach minima. ICAO Annex 6, Part I: 4.3.5.2, 4.4.1.1 ICAO Annex 6, Part II: 4.6.3.1 ICAO Annex 6, Part III, Section II: 2.4.1.1; Annex 6, Part III, Section III: 2.6.3.1 14 CFR: 135.219 8.8.4.12 INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURES AND IFR LANDING MINIMUMS (a) No person may make an instrument approach at an aerodrome except in accordance with IFR weather minimums and instrument approach procedures established for that aerodrome as set forth by the Authority. (b) No AOC holder may make an instrument approach at an aerodrome except as set forth in the AOC holder's operations specifications. ICAO Annex 6, Part I: 4.2.7.1 ICAO Annex 6, Part II: 4.2 ICAO Annex 6, Part II, Section II: 2.2.7.1; ICAO Annex 6, Part III, Section III: 2.2 14 CFR: 121.567 8.8.4.13 COMMENCING AN INSTRUMENT APPROACH (a) No pilot may continue an approach below 300 m (1,000 ft.) above the aerodrome elevation or info the final approach segment unless -- (1) A source approved by the Authority issues a weather report for that aerodrome; and (2) The latest weather report for that aerodrome reports the visibility or controlling RVR to be equal to or more than the minimums prescribed for that procedure. (b) If a pilot begins the final approach segment of an instrument approach procedure and subsequently receives a weather report indicating below-minimum conditions, the pilot may continue the approach to DH or MDA. Note 1: For the purpose of this subsection, the final approach segment begins at the final approach fix or facility prescribed in the instrument approach procedure. When a final approach fix is not prescribed for a procedure that includes a procedure turn, the final approach segment begins at the point where the procedure turn is completed and the aircraft is established inbound toward the aerodrome on the final approach course within the distance prescribed in the procedure. Note 2 – Criteria for the Final Approach Segment is contained in ICAO Doc 8168, PANS-OPS, Volume H. Note 3 – Controlling RVR means the reported values of one or more RVR reporting locations (touchdown, mid-point and stop-end) used to determine whether operating minima are or are not met. Where RVR is used, the controlling RVR is the touchdown RVR, unless otherwise specified by State criteria. |
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