民航規(guī)章 CIVIL AVIATION REGULATIONS 2

時間：2015-01-22 15:18來源：藍天飛行翻譯公司 作者：民航翻譯 點擊：次

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(2) Changes to the engine by replacing aircraft engine structural parts with parts not supplied by the original manufacturer or parts not specifically approved by the Authority.
(3) Installation of an accessory which is not approved for the engine.
(4) Removal of accessories that are listed as required equipment on the aircraft or engine specification.
(5) Installation of structural parts other than the type of parts approved for the installation.
(6) Conversions of any sort for the purpose of using fuel of a rating or grade other than that listed in the engine specifications.
(c) Propeller Major Modifications. Major propeller modifications, when not authorised in the applicable propeller specifications, include—
(1) Changes in blade design.
(2) Changes in hub design.
(3) Changes in the governor or control design.
(4) Installation of a propeller governor or feathering system.
(5) Installation of propeller de-icing system.
(6) Installation of parts not approved for the propeller.
(d) Appliance Major Modifications. Modifications of the basic design not made in accordance with recommendations of the appliance manufacturer or in accordance with applicable Airworthiness Directives are appliance major modifications. In addition, changes in the basic design of radio communication and navigation equipment approved under type certification or other authorisation that have an effect on frequency stability, noise level, sensitivity, selectivity, distortion, spurious radiation, automatic volume control (AVC) characteristics, or ability to meet environmental test conditions and other changes that have an effect on the performance of the equipment are also major modifications.
14 CFR: 43, Appendix A
IS: 5.1.1.2(A)(9) MAJOR REPAIRS
(a) Airframe Major Repairs. Repairs to the following parts of an airframe and repairs of the following types, involving the strengthening, reinforcing, splicing, and manufacturing of primary structural members or their replacement, when replacement is by fabrication such as riveting or welding, are airframe major repairs.
(1) Box beams.
(2) Monocoque or semimonocoque wings or control surfaces
(3) Wing stringers or chord members
(4) Spars.
(5) Spar flanges.
(6) Members of truss-type beams.
(7) Thin sheet webs of beams.
(8) Keel and chine members of boat hulls or floats.
(9) Corrugated sheet compression members which act as flange material of wings or tail surfaces.
(10) Wing main ribs and compression members.
(11) Wing or tail surface brace struts.
(12) Engine mounts.
(13) Fuselage longerons.
(14) Members of the side truss, horizontal truss, or bulkheads.
(15) Main seat support braces and brackets.
(16) Landing gear brace struts.
(17) Axles.
(18) Wheels.
(19) Parts of the control system such as control columns, pedals, shafts, brackets, or horns.
(20) Repairs involving the substitution of material.
(21) The repair of damaged areas in metal or plywood stressed covering exceeding six inches in any direction.
(22) The repair of portions of skin sheets by making additional seams.
(23) The splicing of skin sheets
(24) The repair of three or more adjacent wing or control surface ribs or the leading edge of wings and control surfaces, between such adjacent ribs.
(25) Repair of fabric covering involving an area greater than that required to repair two adjacent ribs.
(26) Replacement of fabric on fabric covered parts such as wings, fuselages, stabilizers, and control surfaces.
(27) Repairing, including rebottoming, of removable or integral fuel tanks and oil tanks.
(b) Powerplant Major Repairs. Repairs of the following parts of an engine and repairs of the following types, are powerplant major repairs—
(1) Separation or disassembly of a crankcase or crankshaft of a piston engine equipped with an integral supercharger.
(2) Separation or disassembly of a crankcase or crankshaft of a piston engine equipped with other than spur-type propeller reduction gearing.
(3) Special repairs to structural engine parts by welding, plating, metalising, or other methods.
(4) Propeller Major Repairs. Repairs of the following types to a propeller are propeller major repairs—
(5) Any repairs to or straightening of steel blades.
(6) Repairing or machining of steel hubs.
(7) Shortening of blades.
(8) Retipping of wood propellers.
(9) Replacement of outer laminations on fixed pitch wood propellers.
(10) Repairing elongated bolt holes in the hub of fixed pitch wood propellers.
(11) Inlay work on wood blades.
(12) Repairs to composition blades.
(13) Replacement of tip fabric.
(14) Replacement of plastic covering.
(15) Repair of propeller governors.
(16) Overhaul of controllable pitch propellers.
(17) Repairs to deep dents, cuts, scars, nicks, etc., and straightening of aluminum blades.
(18) The repair or replacement of internal elements of blades.
(c) Appliance Major Repairs. Repairs of the following types to appliances are appliance major repairs—
(1) Calibration and repair of instruments.
(2) Calibration of avionics or computer equipment.
(3) Rewinding the field coil of an electrical accessory.
(4) Complete disassembly of complex hydraulic power valves.
(5) Overhaul of pressure type carburetors, and pressure type fuel, oil, and hydraulic pumps.
14 CFR: 43, Appendix B
IS: 5.1.1.2(A)(11) PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
(a) Preventive Maintenance. Preventive maintenance is limited to the following work, provided it does not involve complex assembly operations.
(1) Removal, installation and repair of landing gear tires.
(2) Replacing elastic shock absorber cords on landing gear.
(3) Servicing landing gear shock struts by adding oil, air, or both.
(4) Servicing landing gear wheel bearings, such as cleaning and greasing.
(5) Replacing defective safety wiring or cotter keys.
(6) Lubrication not requiring disassembly other than removal of non-structural items such as cover plates, cowlings, and fairings.
(7) Making simple fabric patches not requiring rib stitching or the removal of structural parts or control surfaces.
(8) Replenishing hydraulic fluid in the hydraulic reservoir.
(9) Refinishing decorative coating of fuselage, wings, tail group surfaces (excluding balanced control surfaces), fairings, cowling, landing gear, cabin, or cockpit interior when removal or disassembly of any primary structure or operating system is not required.
(10) Applying preservative or protective material to components where no disassembly of any primary structure or operating system is involved and where such coating is not prohibited or is not contrary to good practices.
(11) Repairing upholstery and decorative furnishings of the cabin or cockpit when the repairing does not require disassembly of any primary structure or operating system or interfere with an operating system or affect primary structure of the aircraft.
(12) Making small simple repairs to fairings, non-structural cover plates, cowlings, and small patches and reinforcements not changing the contour so as to interfere with proper airflow.
(13) Replacing side windows where that work does not interfere with the structure of any operating system such as controls, electrical equipment, etc.
(14) Replacing safety belts.
(15) Replacing seats or seat parts with replacement parts approved for the aircraft, not involving disassembly of any primary structure or operating system.
(16) Troubleshooting and repairing broken circuits in landing light wiring circuits.
(17) Replacing bulbs, reflectors, and lenses of position and landing lights.
(18) Replacing wheels and skis where no weight and balance computation is involved.
(19) Replacing any cowling not requiring removal of the propeller or disconnection of flight controls.
(20) Replacing or cleaning spark plugs and setting of spark plug gap clearance.
(21) Replacing any hose connection except hydraulic connections.
(22) Replacing prefabricated fuel lines.
(23) Cleaning fuel and oil strainers.
(24) Replacing and servicing batteries.
(25) Replacement or adjustment of non-structural fasteners incidental to operations.
(26) The installation of anti-misfueling devices to reduce the diameter of fuel tank filler openings provided the specific device has been made a part of the aircraft type certificate data by the aircraft manufacturer, the manufacturer has provided appropriately approved instructions acceptable to the Authority for the installation of the specific device, and installation does not involve the disassembly of the existing filler opening.
14 CFR: 43, Appendix C
IS: 5.3.1.5 ISSUANCE OR VALIDATION OF A STANDARD CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS
(a) The standard Certificate of Airworthiness issued by the [Authority] shall be as follows.
* [STATE OF REGISTRY] *
[ISSUING AUTHORITY]

CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS
1. Nationality and registration mark 2. Manufacturer and manufacturer’s designation of aircraft 3. Aircraft serial number:

4. Categories and/or operation***

5. This Certificate of Airworthiness is issued pursuant to the Convention on International Civil Aviation dated 7 December 1944 and † ___________________ in respect of the above-mentioned aircraft which is considered to be airworthy when maintained and operated in accordance with the foregoing and the pertinent operating limitations.

Date of issue: [Signature]

6. ***
* For use of the State of Registry.
** Manufacturer’s designation of aircraft should contain the aircraft type and model.

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