時間：2015-01-22 15:14來源：藍天飛行翻譯公司 作者：民航翻譯 點擊：次
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(a) An applicant for a student pilot authorisation in the helicopter category shall receive training in the manoeuvres and procedures contained in IS 2.3.3.3. 2.3.3.4 STUDENT PILOT MANOEUVRES AND PROCEDURES FOR PRE-SOLO FLIGHT TRAINING—POWERED-LIFT CATEGORY (a) An applicant for a student pilot authorisation in the powered-lift category shall receive training in the manoeuvres and procedures contained in IS 2.3.3.4. 2.3.3.5 STUDENT PILOT MANOEUVRES AND PROCEDURES FOR PRE-SOLO FLIGHT TRAINING—AIRSHIP CATEGORY (a) An applicant for a student pilot authorisation in the airship category shall receive training in the manoeuvres and procedures contained in IS 2.3.3.5. 2.3.3.6 STUDENT PILOT MANOEUVRES AND PROCEDURES FOR PRE-SOLO FLIGHT TRAINING—BALLOON CATEGORY (a) An applicant for a student pilot authorisation in the balloon category shall receive training in the manoeuvres and procedures contained in IS 2.3.3.6. 2.3.3.7 STUDENT PILOT MANOEUVRES AND PROCEDURES FOR PRE-SOLO FLIGHT TRAINING—GLIDER CATEGORY (a) An applicant for a student pilot authorisation in the glider category shall receive training in the manoeuvres and procedures contained in IS 2.3.3.7. ICAO Annex 1: 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.2.2.1; 2.2.3 14 CFR: 61.81-95 JAR-FCL 1/2 Subpart B 2.3.4 PRIVATE PILOT LICENCE 2.3.4.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS (a) Age. (1) The applicant for a PPL in all categories other than balloon and glider shall be not less than 17 years of age. (2) The applicant for a PPL in the balloon or glider category shall be not less than 16 years of age. (b) Medical fitness. The applicant for a PPL shall hold a current Class 2 Medical Certificate as issued under this Part. (c) Knowledge areas. The applicant for a PPL shall receive and log ground training from an authorised instructor on the following subjects appropriate to the privileges granted to the holder of a private pilot licence and appropriate to the category of aircraft to be included on the licence: (1) Air law: (i) Rules and regulations relevant to the holder of a PPL; rules of the air; appropriate air traffic services practices and procedures. (2) Aircraft general knowledge: (i) Principles of operation and functioning of powerplants, systems and instruments. (ii) Operating limitations of aeroplanes and the relevant category of aircraft and powerplants; relevant operational information from the flight manual or other appropriate document. (iii) For helicopter and powered lift, transmission (power-trains) where applicable; (iv) For airship and balloon, physical properties of gases. (3) Flight performance and planning: (i) Effects of loading and mass distribution on flight characteristics; mass and balance calculations. (ii) Use and practical application of take-off or launching, landing and other performance data. (iii) Pre-flight and en-route flight planning appropriate to private operations under VFR; preparation and filing of air traffic services flight plans; appropriate air traffic services procedures; position reporting procedures; altimeter setting procedures; operations in areas of high-density traffic. (4) Human performance: (i) Human performance relevant to the appropriate category of aircraft. (ii) Principles of threat and error management. Note: Guidance material to design training programmes on human performance can be found in ICAO Doc 9683, Human Factors Training Manual. (5) Meteorology: (i) Application of elementary aeronautical meteorology; use of, and procedures for obtaining, meteorological information; altimetry; hazardous weather conditions. (6) Navigation: (i) Practical aspects of air navigation and dead-reckoning techniques; use of aeronautical charts. (7) Operational procedures: (i) Application of threat and error management to operational procedures. (ii) Altimeter setting procedures. (iii) Use of aeronautical documentation such as AIP, NOTAM, aeronautical codes and abbreviations. (iv) Appropriate precautionary and emergency procedures, including action to be taken to avoid hazardous weather, wake turbulence and other operating hazards. (v) In the case of the helicopter, and if applicable, powered lift, settling with power; ground resonance; retreating blade stall; dynamic roll-over and other operation hazards; safety procedures, associated with flight under visual meteorological conditions (VMC). (8) Principles of flight: (i) Principles of flight relating to the appropriate category of aircraft. (9) Radiotelephony: (i) Communications procedures and phraseology as applied to VFR operations; action to be taken in case of communication failure. (d) Knowledge testing. The applicant for a PPL shall: (1) Have received an endorsement for the knowledge test from an authorised instructor who: (i) Conducted the training on the knowledge subjects; and (ii) Certifies that the person is prepared for the required knowledge test. (2) Pass the required written knowledge test on the knowledge areas listed in item (c). (e) Experience and flight instruction. An applicant for a PPL shall have completed the experience and flight instruction requirements appropriate to the aircraft category as specified in this Part. (f) Skill. The applicant for a PPL shall: (1) Have received an endorsement from an authorised instructor who certifies that the person is prepared for the required skill test. (2) Have demonstrated by passing a skill test the ability to perform as PIC of an aircraft, within the appropriate category areas of operation described in the appropriate IS listed below, with a degree of competency appropriate to the privileges granted to the holder of a PPL. (3) Have demonstrated the ability to— (i) Recognise and manage threats; (ii) Operate the aircraft within its limitations; (iii) Complete all manoeuvres with smoothness and accuracy; (iv) Exercise good judgment and airmanship; (v) Apply aeronautical knowledge; and (vi) Maintain control of the aircraft at all times in a manner such that the successful outcome of a procedure or manoeuvre is assured. (g) Privileges. Subject to compliance with the requirements specified in this Part, the privileges of the holder of a PPL shall be to act, but not for remuneration, as PIC or co-pilot of an aeroplane aircraft within the appropriate aircraft category engaged in non-revenue flights. (h) Validity. Subject to compliance with the requirements specified in this Part, the validity period of the licence is five years. (i) Renewal. A private pilot licence that has not expired may be renewed for an additional five years if the holder presents to the Authority satisfactory evidence that the licence, medical certificate, and recency of experience are current. (j) Reissue. If the private pilot licence has expired, the applicant shall have received refresher training acceptable to the Authority and passed the private pilot skill test. ICAO Annex 1: 2.3.1.1; 1:1.2.5; 2.3.1.2; 2.3.1.3; 2.3.1.4; 2.3.2.1 2.3.4.2 EXPERIENCE, FLIGHT INSTRUCTION AND SKILL TEST FOR THE PPL – AEROPLANE CATEGORY (a) Experience. (1) The applicant for a PPL(A) shall have completed not less than 40 hours of flight time, or 35 hours if completed during a course of approved training, as pilot of aeroplanes, appropriate to the class rating sought. The Authority shall determine whether experience as a pilot under instruction in a flight simulation training device is acceptable as part of the total flight time of 40 or 35 hours, as the case may be. Credit for such experience shall be limited to a total of 5 hours if completed under instruction in flight simulation training device approved by the Authority. (2) The applicant shall have completed in aeroplanes not less than 10 hours of solo flight time under the supervision of an authorised flight instructor, including 5 hours of solo cross-country flight time with at least one cross-country flight totaling not less than 270 km (150 NM) in the course of which full-stop landings at two difference aerodromes shall be made. (3) The holder of pilot licences in other categories may be credited with 10 hours of the total flight time as PIC towards a PPL(A). (b) Flight Instruction. (1) The applicant for a PPL(A) shall receive and log not less than 20 hours of dual instruction from an authorised instructor on the subjects listed in IS 2.3.4.2. These 20 hours may include 5 hours completed in a flight simulation training device. The 20 hours of dual instruction shall include at least 5 hours of solo cross-country flight time with at least one cross-country flight totaling not less than 270 km (150 NM) in the course of which full-stop landings at two different aerodromes shall be made. (2) The instructor shall ensure that the applicant has operational experience in at least the following areas to the level of performance required for the private pilot: (i) Pre-flight operations, including mass and balance determination, aeroplane inspection and servicing; (ii) Aerodrome and traffic pattern operations, collision avoidance precautions and procedures; (iii) Control of the aeroplane by external visual reference; (iv) Flight at critically slow airspeeds; recognition of, and recovery from, incipient and full stalls; (v) Flight at critically high airspeeds; recognition of, and recovery from, spiral dives; (vi) Normal and cross-wind take-offs and landings; (vii) Maximum performance (short field and obstacle clearance take-offs, short-field landings; (viii) Flight by reference solely to instruments, including the completion of a level 180 degrees turn; (ix) Cross-country flying using visual reference, dead reckoning and, where available, radio navigation aids; |
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